Fall of the Qing §
- The 19th century was known as China’s “century of humilitation”
- Foreign influence in China grew
- 1839 - Opium Wars
- 1895 - First-Sino Japanese War
- Peasant rebellions weakened the power of the Qing government
- 1850 - 1864 - Taiping Rebellion
- 1899 - Boxer Rebellion
- China failed to modernize
Revolution of 1911 §
- Sun Yat-sen plotted to overthrow the Qing dynasty and turn China into a republic
- Three Principles of the People:
- Nationalism
- Democrazy
- Livelihood
- Failed 7 times from 1906 - 1908
- 1911 - Army units rebelled against Qing
- The last emperor, Puyi, abdicated
- Sun Yat-Sen joined the rebellion and became the first president
World War I §
- Warlords took control in China during WWI
- China joined WWI on the side of the Alies
- Provided labor on the Western Front
- Did not send troops to battle
- May 4th 1919 - Student protests took place in Beijing at Tiananment Square
- Outraged that Paris German colonies in China were transferred to Japan at the PPC
- Led to a growth in communism, as people turned to radical solutions
Chinese Civil War §
- The nationalist party (KMT) and the Communist party (GCP) worked together to unify China
- 1919 - Sun Yat-Sen formed the KMT
- Succeeded by Chiang Kai Shek
- 1921 - Mao Zedong became leader of the CGP
- Mao Zedong established his own Chinese Soviet Republic in southeastern China
- Controlled 1 million people
- Red Army has 200k troops
- 1934 - The KMT attacked the Communists forcing the on a 6,000 mile retreat, the Long March:
- Lasted 370 days
- Crossed 18 mountain ranges and 24 rivers
- Only 8,000 survived
- 1937 Japan invades ending Chinese Civil War