1. Vector (FBD) Diagram
  2. Coordinate System
  3. Resolve vectors into x & y components or (parallel and perpendicular)
  4. X: F = m a
  5. Y: F = m a

Example Problem

Helicopter Pilot and you want to take off

m = 1150 kg a = + 3 F = ?

We don’t want the thrust to be equal to the weight as it’ll just hover

If the helicopter is pushing air down according to Newton’s 3rd law it’s being pushed up

F = m a = F - mg

See this method in “Elevator Problems”